Dr. Sergey Uhanov
Last updated: 28th February 2026
Portuguese Sheepdog
By
Dr. Sergey Uhanov
Last updated: 28th February 2026
A relatively rare breed, the Portuguese Sheepdog is intelligent, lively, and devoted to its family. Called the “cão da Serra de Aires” in Portuguese after the Serra de Aires mountain range, it was originally a herding dog but is mainly kept as a companion now. Praised for its rustic appearance, the long, dense coat gives it a beard, mustache, and eyebrows. Its unique and comical expression has named it “cão macaco” or “monkey dog.”
Quick Information
| Other names | cão da Serra de Aires, cão macaco |
| Coat | Wavy or straight long single-coat |
| Color | Yellow, gray, fawn, brown, and black with tan markings |
| Breed type | Purebred |
| Group | Herding |
| Life expectancy | 12-13 years |
| Size | Medium |
| Height | 16.5-21.5 inches |
| Weight | 37.5-59 pounds |
| Litter Size | 3-6 puppies |
| Behavioral Characteristics | Vigilant, loyal, intelligent, energetic, and wilful |
| Good with children | Yes |
| Barking Tendency | Moderate; as a herding dog, they may bark to alert their owner |
| Climate compatibility | High |
| Apartment compatibility | Low; they need plenty of open space |
| Do they shed | They are relatively low shedders |
| Are they hypoallergenic | No |
| Trainability | Moderate; they can be stubborn |
| How much do they cost | $700 – $1,800 |
| Competitive Registration Qualification/Information | FCI, AKC, UKC |
| Country | Portugal |
Other Similar Breeds
History and Origin
Much of its earlier history is still being determined, with records only from the beginning of the 20th century. The popular theory is that the first Conde de Castro Guimaraes imported Briards from France as herding dogs for sheep. Still, they were unsuitable for the harsh terrain and weather. Thus, breeders crossed them with local breeds like the Pyrenean Shepherd and Catalan Sheepdog to create the Portuguese Sheepdog. However, this is solely based on circumstantial evidence such as its appearance and other traits.
It became widespread by the 1920s, and Portugal’s limited involvement in WWII saved it from suffering a population decline like numerous European breeds. However, factors like urbanization and lack of international popularity made it almost extinct in the 1970s. Breeders and enthusiasts banded together for conservation, and by the eighties, it was rebranded as a companion dog for the middle class.
The Portuguese Kennel Club gave recognition in 1932, and the FCI in 1966 as a part of the Herding group. Still, it remains a rare breed, with most kept as companions rather than its original herding purpose.
Temperament and Personality
Portuguese Sheepdogs are intelligent, energetic, and diligent. They have an active lifestyle and need an owner to provide them with daily exercise. They are vigilant and devoted to their work as herding dogs, adept at catching and retrieving strays. Also used as watchdogs and guard dogs, they are wary of strangers and may bark when approached. However, this breed gets along well with children and may try to “herd” them. Their tendency to be stubborn and dominant might lead them to try and boss around their owner unless handled adequately from a young age. Notably, male dogs are prone to displays of dominance. However, if trained and socialized correctly, these dogs are incredibly reliable and steadfast.
Care
Exercise
A high-energy breed, they require adequate exercise to keep them mentally and physically fit. Multiple daily walks and play sessions in a fenced yard are recommended. Outdoor activities like swimming, hiking, and playing fetch are a great way to expend excess energy. Options for indoor playtime are hide-and-seek, learning tricks, and chasing a ball rolling across the floor. You can also participate in dog sports such as obedience, agility, flyball, tracking, and rally to fulfill your pet’s exercise needs.
Grooming
Regular weekly brushing and periodic baths are enough to maintain their hygiene. However, avoid over-brushing or baths unless necessary, as they can alter and damage the texture of your dog’s coat. You must check their ears for infections and brush their teeth thrice weekly. Clip the nails before they get too long, usually once or twice every month.
Health Concerns
This breed is very healthy and does not suffer from any specific conditions. Some possible ailments are progressive retinal atrophy, Collie eye anomaly, and hip and elbow dysplasia. They may also get inflammation from red meat, salt, or sugar. A responsible breeder can guide you through any concerns with your pet.
Feeding
Their diet should be kept, considering a medium-sized, high-energy breed. High-quality store-bought or homemade dog food is the best option for your pet. They are prone to obesity, so give them treats in moderation. Avoid foods unsafe for dogs and always provide clean water. It is best to consult your veterinarian for recommendations based on their age, weight, and general health.
Training
Extremely intelligent, Portuguese Sheepdogs learn quickly and may become stubborn if not properly trained. However, if handled by a firm and assured owner, they are devoted and trustworthy.
Socialization: Early socialization is essential for your pet. Introduce it to unfamiliar people, places, and sounds to help it adjust. Consistent and positive training, using treats as encouragement and reward, is vital to having a well-mannered companion.
Leash: Always keep your Sheepdog leashed while on walks. Outdoor playtime should only be allowed in fenced areas as it may try to herd children or other pets if left unsupervised.
Interesting Facts
- They have been part of the Foundation Stock Service of the AKC since 2012.
- Portuguese Sheepdogs showing basic herding behaviors can compete with the proper training in herding trials.
