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Dr. Sergey Uhanov Last updated: 22nd February 2026

Canadian Eskimo Dog

Dr. Sergey Uhanov Last updated: 22nd February 2026

The Canadian Eskimo Dog is a rare, aboriginal Spitz breed that developed in the Arctic region thousands of years ago mostly to draw sleds. These are large size dogs known for their intelligence and submissive demeanor. Covered by a dense coat from head to toes, these dogs have a wolf-like face with a large head, erect triangular ears, a long muzzle with a short snout and almond-shaped eyes. The shoulder, neck, chest, and legs are robust and muscular, while the tail is bushy and usually coiled upward.

Canadian Eskimo Dog Pictures

Quick Description

Other Names	Qimmiq, Kingmik, Canadian Inuit Dog, Canadian Husky, Exquimaux Husky, Exquimaux Dog
Coat	Long, dense, double, thick
Colors	Black, Black & White, Grey, Liver, Red, White
Type	Sled Dog, Working Dog, Spitz
Group (of Breed)	Purebred
Lifespan	12-13 years
Weight	40-88 pounds (full grown male/female)
Height (Size)	Large; 20-28 inches
Personality Traits	Affectionate, loyal, submissive, brave, intelligent
Good with Children	Yes (if brought up together)
Good with Pets	No
Good for New/First-time Owners	No
Litter Size	3-8 puppies at a time
Hypoallergenic	No
Country of Origin	Canada
Competitive Registration/ Qualification Information	UKC, ANKC, CKC, KC (UK), NZKC Canadian Kennel Club

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History & Development

The Canadian Eskimo Dog originated more than 4,000 years ago to the Eskimo (Inuit) people that lived in the Arctic region. However, in those days, the breed was never considered as a pet, but used in hunting and pulling sleds. This ancient dog was entirely carnivorous, fed with a diet of fish, seal, walrus, and caribou. The puppies would be attached to the sleds as soon as they learn to walk, along with constant beating which would train them to do their work.

Explorers like Peary and Amundson used this dog extensively during their journeys to both the North Pole and the South Pole. Later, during the 19^th and the 20^th centuries, their population began to decline at an alarming rate, so much so, that its name was removed from the registries of AKC and UKC.

In 1970, animal rights activists and conservationist, Brian Ladoon started the Eskimo Dog Research Fund to raise their numbers. At present, they are found mostly in Minnesota.

The breed, however, is gradually coming back in Greenland and adjacent areas because of the renewed interest of the Inuit people in their cultural heritage. Finally, on January 1, 1996, the dog was again recognized by the United Kennel Club.

It is presently used by sled dog teams for entertaining tourists as well as for hunting polar bears.

Temperament and Behavior

Canadian Eskimo Dogs are incredibly dedicated and submissive to their close ones. They are, however, shaky and dominant, when it comes to other dogs. They are hard-working and is best suited to work environments rather than in families.

These are pack-oriented dogs with a prey drive, an instinct that they inherited from their hunting ancestors. Hence, it is better not to adopt one, if you have smaller pets at home. Canadian Eskimo Dogs cannot adapt itself well to the temperate climates.

Care

Exercise

You should take them out for jogging for at least an hour, on a regular basis, since a mere daily walk is not enough for the large and energetic Canadian Eskimo Dog. They need lots of activities and vigorous exercise like running and playing, or even some hard work, if you can engage them. It is recommended that you have a large enclosed space where your dog can run around and play at any time.

Grooming

Their thick coat needs to be brushed regularly, at least thrice a week to keep them free from tangles. Do not trim the hair frequently unless they are too long.

Health Problems

In general, the Canadian Eskimo Dog is a healthy breed since they adapt well to the harsh living conditions of the arctic regions. However, as their number has come down to a large degree, they have less been studied. But, no breed-specific conditions have yet been reported about this dog.

Training

They are very trainable and submissive. Since they are highly intelligent, they need to be taught under the supervision of an authoritative figure, who can be firm and consistent.

Because of their long association with humans, they do not have any behavioral problems as such, except for being vocal at times. Regular socialization from their puppy days can check their barking tendencies. This breed does best in an adult household, so if you have kids at home, you should also expose your pup to them to develop a natural pet-human bonding right from a tender age.

Diet/Feeding

Canadian Eskimo Dogs would need about 3-4 cups of dry dog food daily.

Interesting Facts

Nunavut, the Canadian territory, adopted this breed as its symbol on the 1st of May, 2000.

FAQ

What is the temperament of a Canadian Eskimo Dog?

Canadian Eskimo Dogs are known for being loyal, intelligent, and independent. They can be reserved with strangers but are affectionate with family members. Early socialization is important to ensure they are well-mannered and confident.

How large do Canadian Eskimo Dogs typically grow?

Canadian Eskimo Dogs usually weigh between 50 to 70 pounds and stand about 21 to 26 inches tall at the shoulder. Males tend to be larger and more robust than females. Their sturdy build is suited for cold climates and heavy work.

Do Canadian Eskimo Dogs shed a lot and what grooming do they need?

Canadian Eskimo Dogs have a thick double coat that sheds heavily, especially during seasonal changes. Regular brushing, at least twice a week, helps manage shedding and keeps their coat healthy. More frequent grooming is needed during heavy shedding periods.

Are Canadian Eskimo Dogs easy to train?

They are intelligent but can be independent and stubborn, so consistent, patient training with positive reinforcement works best. Early obedience training and socialization are essential to manage their strong-willed nature. They respond well to firm but gentle guidance.

What health issues are common in Canadian Eskimo Dogs?

Canadian Eskimo Dogs can be prone to hip dysplasia, eye problems, and certain genetic conditions. Regular veterinary check-ups and maintaining a healthy weight can help prevent some issues. Always consult a vet for diagnosis and treatment if you notice any health concerns.

Is the Canadian Eskimo Dog good with children and other pets?

They can be good family dogs if properly socialized from a young age. Canadian Eskimo Dogs are generally good with children but may have a strong prey drive, so supervision around smaller pets is recommended. Early socialization helps them adapt well to different household members.

How much exercise does a Canadian Eskimo Dog need daily?

They require at least one to two hours of vigorous exercise daily to stay healthy and happy. Activities like long walks, running, and mental stimulation through training or puzzle games are ideal. Without enough exercise, they may become bored and develop destructive behaviors.

What is the typical lifespan of a Canadian Eskimo Dog?

The average lifespan of a Canadian Eskimo Dog is around 10 to 13 years. Providing a balanced diet, regular exercise, and routine veterinary care can help maximize their lifespan. Monitoring their health closely as they age is important for early detection of any issues.